Disc herniations and protrusions
Last update: 25/09/2018, Dr. Miguel B. Royo Salvador, Medical Board number 10389. Neurosurgeon y Neurologist. The cord traction force increases the intradiscal vertebral pressure and therefore the application of lower than normal strains or loads can provoke a premature rupture of the fibrous annulus of the intervertebral discs. For this reason disc protrusions and herniations […]
Facet joint syndrome
Last update: 24/03/2023, Dr. Miguel B. Royo Salvador, Medical Board number 10389. Neurosurgeon y Neurologist. Definition The spine is composed of 33 vertebrae: 7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic or dorsal vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae, 5 sacral vertebrae and 4 or 5 coccygeal vertebrae. The sacral and coccygeal vertebrae form independent bones that are connected through […]
Spinal canal stenosis
Last update: 25/09/2018, Dr. Miguel B. Royo Salvador, Medical Board number 10389. Neurosurgeon y Neurologist. Spinal canal stenosis means the narrowing of the vertebral canal through which the spinal cord passes. The most frequent kind is a consequence of osteoarthritis, a disease which consists in the degeneration of the joints, facies articularis and ligaments in […]
Vertebral dislocation
Last update: 02/05/2019, Dr. Miguel B. Royo Salvador, Medical Board number 10389. Neurosurgeon y Neurologist. Definition A vertebral dislocation is defined as a bone moving out of its place. When it affects the spine, the vertebral dislocation allows the spine to move out of line, with ligament and vertebral fractures that produce instability […]
Neuro-Cranio-Vertebral Syndrome due to Sacrococcygeal dislocation
Last update: 20/05/2022, Dr. Miguel B. Royo Salvador, Medical Board number 10389. Neurosurgeon y Neurologist. Diagnosis The final part of the spine is composed of 5 vertebrae fused together at the sacral level and by another 3-5 vertebrae fused at the coccygeal level. The sacrococcygeal joint is located between the sacrum and coccyx, each behaving […]
Baastrup’s Syndrome
Last update: 09/03/2023, Dr. Miguel B. Royo Salvador, Medical Board number 10389. Neurosurgeon y Neurologist. Definition Baastrup’s syndrome or disease, also known as lumbar interspinous arthrosis, consists of a degenerative process related to the development of a pseudoarticulation between the spinous processes and the appearance of osteoarthritic phenomena. The condition is defined as a […]
Fibromyalgia Syndrome
Last update: 28/02/2019, Dr. Miguel B. Royo Salvador, Medical Board number 10389. Neurosurgeon y Neurologist. Definition Fibromyalgia, or Fibromyalgia Syndrome, has an overall incidence in the population between 1% and 8% and mostly affects the female gender. The Fibromyalgia Syndrome is considered to be primary, or idiopathic, when it is not associated to any other […]
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Last update: 23/05/2022, Dr. Miguel B. Royo Salvador, Medical Board number 10389. Neurosurgeon and Neurologist. Definition Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), or Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME), is a serious condition, a complex disorder of long duration that can affect many of the organism’s systems. Characteristic is extreme fatigue that does not improve with rest and entails difficulties […]
Urinary incontinence
Last update: 24/03/2023, Dr. Miguel B. Royo Salvador, Medical Board number 10389. Neurosurgeon y Neurologist. Definition The involuntary release of urine is a condition characterized by an impelling and sudden urge to urinate, but an inability to hold urine. This is an alteration during the bladder-filling phase that can occur alone (primary), as well […]
Cerebrovascular disease
Última actualización: 27/03/2019, Dr. Miguel B. Royo Salvador, Numero colegiado 10389. Neurocirujano y Neurólogo. Definition In general, cerebrovascular disease is a definition used to describe a heterogeneous group of pathological conditions that share a focal dysfunction in the brain tissue, due to an imbalance between the supply and requirements of oxygen and other substrates. […]